Systems Development Life Cycle
Objective
This section gives students the concepts of system development life cycle and the phases of system development life cycle. In addition, learner can be known the details of steps in phases and the outputs of each phase.
1. What is the system development life cycle?
The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model used in project management that describes the stages involved in an information system development project, from an initial feasibility study through maintenance of the completed application.
2. Systems development life cycle phases
The SDLC is composed of four fundamental phases:
- Planning
- Analysis
- Design
- Implementation
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Phase |
Step |
Technique |
Deliverable |
Planning
Focus: Why build this system? How to structure the project?
Primary Outputs: - System Request with Feasibility Study. - Project Plan. |
Identify Opportunity |
Project Identification |
System Request |
|
Analyze Feasibility |
Technical Feasibility Economic Feasibility Organizational Feasibility |
Feasibility Analysis |
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Develop Workplan |
Time Estimation Timeboxing Task Identification Work Breakdown Structure Pert Chart GANTT Chart Scope Management |
Project Plan - Workplan |
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Staff Project |
Project Staffing Project Charter |
Staffing Plan |
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Control and Direct Project |
CASE Repository Standards Documentation Risk Management |
Standards List Risk Assessment |
|
Analysis
Focus: Who, what, where and when for this system?
Primary Output: System Proposal. |
Develop Analysis Strategy |
Business Process Automation Business Process Improvement Business Process Reengineering |
System Proposal |
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Determine Business Requirements |
Interview JAD session Questionnaire Document Analysis Observation |
Requirements Definition |
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Create Use Cases |
Use-Case Analysis |
Use Cases |
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Model Processes |
Data Flow Diagramming |
Process Models |
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Model Data |
Entity Relationship Modeling Normalization |
Data Model |
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Design
Focus: How will this system work?
Primary Output: System Specification. |
Design Physical System |
Design Strategy |
Alternative Matrix System Specification |
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Design Architecture |
Architecture Design Hardware & Software Selection |
Architecture Report Hardware & Software Specification |
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Design Interface |
Use Scenario Interface Structure Interface Standards Interface Propotype Interface Evaluation |
Interface Design |
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Design Databases and Files |
Data Format Selection Entity Relationship Modeling Denormalization Performance Tuning Size Estimation |
Data & File Specification Physical Data Model |
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Design Programs |
Data Flow Diagramming Program Structure Chart Program Specification |
Physical Process Model Program Design |
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Implementation
Focus: Delivery and support of completed system.
Primary Output: Installed System. |
Construct System |
Programming Software Testing Performance Testing |
Test Plan Programs Documentation Migration Plan |
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Install System |
Conversion Strategy Selection Training |
Conversion Plan Business Contingency Plan Training Plan |
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Maintain System |
Support Selection System Maintenance Project Assessment |
Support Plan Problem Report Change Request |
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Post-implementation |
Post-implementation Audit |
Post-implementation Audit Report |